Month: July 2025
Turkish Identity: Historical and Contemporary Definitions “Knowing yourself is the beginning of all wisdom.” — Aristotle, Greek philosopher The question “Who are the Turks?” has a complex history. By …
The Underdevelopment of Turkish Social Sciences Turkish social sciences—including fields like law, literature, history, political science, economics, psychology, and sociology—are among the weakest in the country. This is primarily …
The Fall of the Roman Empire and the “Barbarian” Problem The Roman Empire, one of history’s greatest states, fell to “barbarians” in the fifth century CE. While it wasn’t …
Early Modernization Efforts: Japan and the Ottoman Empire Both Japan and the Ottoman Empire recognized their lagging development in the 18th century and initiated modernization efforts. Both societies intended …