The efforts toward Westernization in the Ottoman Empire became apparent with the 1839 Tanzimat Edict and entered an intensive phase with the First Constitutional Era in 1876. The proclamation …
INTRO Our aim is to emphasize the resources of motivation for Turkish learners. We assert that there are unexplored opportunities and strengths in Turkish language motivation. Caught between modernists …
Women’s Status and Westernization in the Second Constitutional Era The Second Constitutional Era’s drive for Westernization also included efforts to change the position of women in society. The belief …